Ever wondered how stars and galaxies can be seen just from the earth? Well, Telescope is that perfect scientific instrument that is used by scientific professionals to view faraway and distant objects. Curved Mirrors are used by most telescopes and larger telescopes to collect and focus the light from the night sky. Using visual aids, a Telescope can observe objects in the sky that are remote such as the stars, moon.
A Telescope can perform such a function because it can amplify the light and extend the shadow, ensuring that the objects can be seen with much clarity and precision.
Initially, the light was focused using the pieces of carved, and clear glass known as lenses. However, the modernly developed optical instruments use curved mirrors to collect light from the night sky. Light is concentrated through its mirror and lens. That light is exactly what is seen when someone looks through this scientific instrument.
Various Parts of a Telescope:
- Convex Lens– it is used to collect the light
- Convex Mirror– responsible for scattering light
- Concave Lens– it is used to spread light
- Concave Mirror– it is used to collect light
- Focusing Distance– it is the amount of distance which is required by the mirror and lens to direct light
- The Field of View– the area of sky which is been watched by the viewer through the telescope
- Magnification of Focal Length– it is further divided by the length of the lens
- Resolution- the closest amount of distance amongst two objects, initiating them as two separate objects
THE ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES- Description, Functions, Working
The Telescope Stars also known as Astronomical Telescopes are the most commonly used type of instruments by astronauts to examine and analyze the celestial bodies up above. Astronomical Telescopes use two positive lenses, defined as the objective lens and eyepiece. In comparison to the microscopes, the objective lens of them can focus at a larger distance, in comparison to the focal lens of the ocular lens.
It can be defined as an optical scientific instrument that is used to examine the magnified images of larger celestial bodies such as galaxies, planets, and satellites. The final image which is produced by it is always found to be magnified, virtual as well as inverted.
Main Functions of Telescope:
- Makes the objects from outer space brighter
- An astronomical telescope mainly serves the purpose of light gathering
- It also performs the function of magnification and resolution
- Makes the objects from outer space larger and contrasty
- Magnifies the distant objects in the outer space
CONSTRUCTION & WORKING OF AN ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPE:
The ray diagram attached above will help us understand the structure as well as the working of an astronomical telescope. As seen in the figure, this instrument consists of two convex lenses:
- Objective Lens O
- E- eyepiece
It can be seen that the focal length of the objective lens is large in comparison to the focal length of the eyepiece. Similarly, the aperture of the objective lens is larger than the eyepiece. Therefore, this concludes the receiving of more light from the remote objects in the sky to form a brighter image of that image.
Both the convex lenses of the optical instrument are fitted at a suitable distance from each other.
Working:
The Astronomical telescope functions on the principle that when an object is to be magnified, it must be kept at a larger distance from the convex objective lens of the telescope. As a result of this, an inverted, virtual, and magnified image of the object is formed.
- The Ray diagram as mentioned above will guide us to the working of the Star Telescope.
- A parallel beam of light falls on the objective lens of the telescope from celestial bodies such as planets, stars, satellites.
- A diminished, real, as well as inverted image of the heavenly body, is formed by the objective lens.
- This image further acts as a piece of the object for the convex lens E.
- The position of the eyepiece is adjusted accordingly to ensure that the image positively lies between the focus and the optical center of the eyepiece.
- A highly magnified and inverted image of the object is formed at infinity.
- When the final image is formed of the object at infinity, the telescope is thus known to be at a normal adjustment
Additionally, it is important to note that the final output of images of objects such as the stars, satellites, and planets is formed using the astronomical telescope which is always inverted.
Concave mirrors are used in the functioning of astronomical telescopes. Within a reflector, the light positively enters the spyglass at the deep end, which is opposite the primary mirror. Very similar to the convex lens, the concave lens converges the light at the secondary mirror. The light rays converge at the focal points.
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